The radical surgeries for bladder and prostate cancer can be performed by conventional open method or by laparoscopy (Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy & Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy) with many benefits to the patients. Laparoscopic or Laproscopic cancer surgery has several advantages over conventional open surgery with same cure rate. Only surgery is curative in most of the cancers. Additional therapies (chemotherapy & radiotherapy) are mostly supportive. But, many patients and their relatives try to avoid surgery for the fear of the immense trauma for their loved ones, resulting in patient getting wrong or less effective treatment. With laparoscopy the trauma is much less and makes the treatment more acceptable. The Team MACS precisely addresses all these issues and works relentlessly for a better life
Urinary Bladder Cancer
DR. SANDEEP NAYAK
MNAMS (Gen Surg), DNB (Surgical Oncology),
Fellowship in Laparoscopic and Robotic Onco-Surgery.
Dr Nayak is one of the leading senior Surgical Oncologists (cancer surgeon) of Bangalore. He is one of the pioneers of Laproscopic (laparoscopic) cancer treatment (surgery).
The Advantages Of Robotic & Laparoscopic Cancer Surgery Include
LEAST PAIN & DISCOMFORT
LESS BLOOD LOSS
BETTER PRESERVATION OF PELVIC NERVES MAINTAINING THE SEXUAL & URINARY FUNCTIONS
COSMETICALLY BETTER (SMALLEST WOUND & SCAR)
SHORT HOSPITAL STAY
AVOID UNNECESSARY MAJOR SURGERY
LEAST WOUND COMPLICATIONS VERY LESS RISK OF WOUND INFECTION ESPECIALLY AFTER COLOSTOMY
NO PROLONGED STARVATION; BOWEL MOVEMENTS RECOVER MUCH QUICKER
QUICKER RETURN TO NORMAL LIFE & WORK
GET ALL THE ADVANTAGES OF ROBOTIC SURGERY
BETTER VISION QUALITY FOR THE SURGEON
What Is Urinary Bladder Cancer ?
The urinary bladder or the bladder, is a hollow organ present in the pelvis that stores urine that drains form the kidney. Hollow tubes called ureters drain urine form both the kidneys into the urinary bladder. The bladder forms a low-pressure reservoir which gradually stretches out as urine fills into it. Bladder has inner lining (mucosa) under which there is a thin fibrous tissue (submucosa) which separates it from the muscle layer (detrusor). In males, the prostate gland is located just below the bladder where urethra joins the bladder. In order to urinate (micturate) the muscular wall of the bladder contracts.
Cancer of bladder arises from the inner lining. Transitional cell carcinoma is the most common type.
Symptoms And Diagnosis
Urinary Bladder Cancer. Blood in urine (hematuria) is the most common symptom of bladder cancer and may occur early in the disease. Even a single episode of blood in urine should be taken seriously and investigated. There may be no symptoms or bleeding for prolonged periods of time between episodes, making the patient have a false sense of security. Other symptoms include increased frequency, inability to hold the urine or burning sensation while passing urine. In an advanced disease, patient may have a distended bladder, pain in the flanks, bone pains, or cough/blood in the phlegm (due to spread to cancer cells to bones or lungs).
If urine analysis shows presence of blood in urine an ultrasound scan of abdomen or a CT scan and cystoscopy (looking into urinary bladder using a thin telescope) is needed. When the tumor is seen at cystoscopy, it is preferable to perform telescopic resection of the tumor (TURBT- trans urethral resection of bladder tumor) in the same or next sitting.
Prostate cancer patients most commonly develop blockage to urine flow or blood in urine. This cancer spreads mainly to back bones and can lead to pain. Diagnosis is reached based on ultrasound and biopsy. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) in blood can give good idea about the aggressiveness of the disease.
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Urinary Bladder Cancer : Staging & Treatment
Treatment of bladder cancer predominantly depends on the microscopic examination report of TURBT (Trans Urethral Resection of Bladder Tumor) specimen. This is a diagnostic as well as treatment for early cancers of bladder. A CT or MRI scan would be required to further stage the disease
Stage II is when the cancer has invaded the muscle layer of the bladder wall, as confirmed by microscopic examination of TURBT (Trans Urethral Resection of Bladder Tumor) tissue. Stage III cancers have reached the outside of the bladder and might have grown into nearby tissues or organs (uterus or rectum). Radical cytectomy (removal urinary bladder and lymph nodes with prostate among men) is recommended in these patients. Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy is as effective as open surgery and is much better tolerated by the patients. The reconstruction of bladder can be done to drain through normal passage (orthotopic neo-bladder) or other methods (ileal conduit or thourh back passge) depending on various factors.
Stage I bladder cancers have grown into the fiber tissue layer of the bladder wall but have not reached the muscle layer, as confirmed by microscopic examination of TURBT (Trans Urethral Resection of Bladder Tumor) tissue.
When tumor is of low grade, TURBT may itself be sufficient treatment. However, if the cancer is of high grade or if the tumor is extremely large, radical cystectomy (removal urinary bladder and lymph nodes with prostate among men) may be recommended. Laparoscopic Radical Cystectomy is as effective as open surgery and is much better tolerated by the patient. The reconstruction of bladder can be done to drain through normal passage (orthotopic neo-bladder) or other methods (ileal conduit or thourh back passge) depending on various factors. For people not fit radiation therapy (often along with chemotherapy) may be an option, however, the chances for cure may not be as good.
