Can a Stoma Bag Be Reversed After Rectal Surgery?
Yes, a stoma bag can be reversed after rectal surgery in most cases where a temporary diverting stoma was created. Loop ileostomies and loop colostomies placed to protect a new bowel joint during healing are designed to be closed in a second, smaller operation. That...
What Is Oncoplastic Breast Surgery?
Oncoplastic breast surgery combines cancer removal with reconstructive reshaping in a single operation. The surgeon removes the tumour with clear margins and immediately uses techniques like breast reduction, tissue rotation, or a flap from the back to fill the gap...
Can Breast Cancer Spread to the Brain?
Yes, breast cancer can spread to the brain. Cancer cells break away from the original tumour, travel through the bloodstream, and set up in brain tissue. Bones, lungs, and liver are more common first sites, but the brain is a well-recognised destination particularly...
What Is HER2 Positive Breast Cancer?
HER2-positive breast cancer happens when tumour cells carry too many copies of the HER2 protein, which pushes cells to divide faster than they should. It’s 15% to 20% of all breast cancers and was once one of the harder subtypes to treat. That changed when...